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Common symptoms and signs of extravasation include pain, stinging or burning sensations, and edema around the intravenous (IV) injection site. With the practical use of these guidelines, it is expected to reduce the occurrence rate of extravasation and contribute to patient care improvement.Įxtravasation refers to the leakage of injected drugs from blood vessels causing damage to the surrounding tissues. The medical team’s continuous education on extravasation is essential. They should regularly check the extravasation kit, assess patients’ sensory changes, tingling or burning, and always pay attention to patients’ words. For prevention of extravasation, health professionals should be familiar with the extravasation management standard guidelines. The recommended application schedule for both warm and cold applications is 15 to 20 minutes, every 4 hours, for 24 to 48 hours. Although clear benefit has not been demonstrated with thermal applications, it remains a standard supportive care.

Local cooling (ice packs) aids in vasoconstriction, theoretically limiting the drug dispersion. Local thermal treatments are used to decrease the site reaction and absorption of the infiltrate.

At the first sign of extravasation, nursing intervention with following steps is recommended: stop administration of IV fluids immediately, disconnect the IV tube from the cannula, aspirate any remaining drug from the cannula, administer drug-specific antidote, and notify the physician. Management of extravasation includes nursing intervention and thermal application. Herein, general knowledge about extravasation is first described, including its definition, incidence, risk factors, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and extravasation injuries. The purpose of these practice guidelines is to offer and share strategies for preventing extravasation and measures for handling drugs known to cause tissue necrosis, which may occur even with the most skilled experts at intravenous (IV) injection.

Adobe premiere 6.0 closed because a serious error